It doesn't matter whether you're installing a huge solar thermal system to heat the water for an entire community or a small residential setup to lower your power bills: you'll need a storage tank to keep hot water in. And since the sun has an annoying tendency to be weaker in winter and disappear at night, that tank needs to be insulated to keep your water hot as long as possible.

The Earth has an abundant wood supply. Rotting trees emit similar greenhouse gases and heat energy to those burned in your stove. It is important to manage the cutting of dying or damaged trees as these are potential fuel for any home. Your heating system will function according to the wood's type and quality. Freshly-cut or wet wood contains about 50% moisture: ignition is difficult and less heat is produced, with high pollution. Well-dried, old wood ignites quickly to give double the heat with less effort.

It's easy to generate thermal energy during the summer. There's less demand for hot baths, clothes drying and space heating so you can just use a solar thermal water heating system. Come November, it's more difficult – especially in most of North America (like the Northeastern parts of the US and Canada).

Central air conditioning has proven to be the biggest, least efficient load in any home. It should not be used in off-grid homes. The ideal method of cooling is preventing hot air from getting into your home in the first place. This can be achieved with proper insulation and shading from the sun in summer, to prevent the home from overheating. Open your windows at night for a cool breeze through your home.